PLB 108 Concepts in Plant Biology. (4)
fall, spring, summer
Introduction to concepts of plant biology that are of human relevance using commercially important, edible, and medicinal plants as examples. Not for majors in the biological sciences. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Fee.
General Studies: SQ

PLB 200 Biology of Plants. (3)
fall and spring
Analyzes the structure/function interaction for plant cells and tissues and properties that emerge in whole plants. Prerequisites: high school biology and chemistry.
General Studies: SQ (if credit also earned in PLB 201)

PLB 201 Biology of Plants Laboratory. (1)
fall and spring
Lab/field experiments to teach techniques and protocols of the scientific process; reinforces concepts from lecture by asking questions and solving problems. Lab. Prerequisites: high school biology and chemistry.
General Studies: SQ (if credit also earned in PLB 200)

PLB 300 Comparative Plant Diversity. (4)
fall
Survey of major plant groups and other photosynthetic organisms. Emphasis on comparative data analysis, evolutionary inference, and phylogenetic methods. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Fee. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).
General Studies: L/SG

PLB 302 Plants and Civilization. (3)
fall
Plants and plant products used by people throughout the world. Cultivation, processing, and uses in modern life (beverages, fibers, foods, medicinals, and perfumes). Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 (or 108) or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).

PLB 304 Biology of Algae and Fungi. (3)
spring
Ecology, economics, and evolutionary diversity of the algae and fungi. Traditional and modern biotechnological uses. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).

PLB 305 Desert Annuals and Cacti. (3)
fall
Adaptive biology of select plants. Analysis of diverse traits permitting survival in deserts: reproduction, structure, and physiology. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).

PLB 306 Plant Anatomy. (4)
fall
Development and mature structure of tissues of vascular plants; patterns and modifications of the leaf, stem, root, and flower. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).

PLB 308 Plant Physiology. (4)
spring
Concepts of plant function: carbon metabolism, energy acquisition, regulation of growth and development, stress responses, and water and nutrient uptake. Fee. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent); CHM 101 (or 115 or 231).

PLB 310 The Flora of Arizona. (4)
spring
Principles of taxonomy; identification of Arizona plants. 2 hours lecture, 6 hours lab. Fee. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).

PLB 400 Lichenology. (3)
spring in odd years
Chemistry, ecology, physiology, and taxonomy of lichens. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).

PLB 402 Mycology. (3)
spring
Fungal morphology and systematics with an introduction to fungal cell biology, ecology, economic significance, and growth and development. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent) or only MIC 206.

PLB 404 Phycology. (4)
spring
Algae (both fresh water and marine forms), emphasizing field collection and identification of local representatives. Morphological, ecological, and economic aspects of the algae. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Fee. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).

PLB 407 Plant Fossils and Evolution. (4)
spring in odd years
Broad survey of plant life of the past, including the structure of plant fossils, their geologic ranges, geographic distribution, and paleoenvironment. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab or field trip. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent).

PLB 410 Angiosperm Taxonomy. (3)
spring
Principles underlying angiosperm phylogeny. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisite: PLB 310 or instructor approval.

PLB 411 Trees and Shrubs of Arizona. (3)
fall
Identification of woody plants from desert, chaparral, and forest habitats in Arizona. 1 hour lecture, 3 hours lab, field trips. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent) or only instructor approval.

PLB 412 Cytogenetics. (3)
not regularly offered
Chromosomal basis of inheritance. Cross-listed as BIO 441. Credit is allowed for only BIO 441 or PLB 412. Prerequisite: BIO 340.

PLB 413 Cytogenetics Laboratory. (2)
not regularly offered
Microscopic analysis of meiosis, mitosis, and aberrant cell division. 6 hours lab. Cross-listed as BIO 442. Credit is allowed for only BIO 442 or PLB 413. Pre- or corequisite: BIO 441 or PLB 412.

PLB 414 Plant Pathology. (3)
spring
Identification and control of biotic and abiotic factors that cause common disease problems to plants. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent) or only instructor approval.
General Studies: L

PLB 416 Medical Botany. (4)
summer
Explores plants affecting human health: modern- and folk-usage medicinal plants. Quality control, clinical evidence, plant chemistry, and ethnopharmacology. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent) or only instructor approval.

PLB 484 Internship. (3)
not regularly offered

PLB 498 Pro-Seminar. (1–7)
fall and spring
Possible topics:

(a)	Plant Biology Internship. (3) Applies a simplified version of PLB 108 to teach fifth-grade children by planting gardens and conducting indoor plant experiments.

PLB 499 Individualized Instruction. (3)
not regularly offered

PLB 502 Perspectives in Plant Biology. (3)
fall
Introduces major areas of research within the department with the goal of broadening knowledge to enable multidisciplinary research and communication. Prerequisite: instructor approval.

PLB 583 OTS: Fieldwork in Tropical Biology. (6–8)
spring and summer
Intensive field-orientated classes with Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) in Costa Rica with emphasis on research in ecology and systematics. Lecture, lab, fieldwork. Cross-listed as BIO 583. Credit is allowed for only BIO 583 or PLB 583. Prerequisites: graduate standing; a course in basic ecology.

PLB 591 Seminar. (1)
fall and spring

PLB 320 Environmental Science (Nonmajor). (3)
fall
Environmental and biological concepts used to understand ecological systems with specific references to problems caused by humans. Cannot be used for major credit in the biological sciences. Cross-listed as BIO 319. Credit is allowed for only BIO 319 or PLB 320.
General Studies: G

PLB 322 Environmental Science (Major). (3)
fall
Nature of environmental and biological interaction: historical and modern examples, regional and global issues. Participation in environmental problem-solving activities. Lecture, lab. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or both GLG 110 and 111 or only GPH 111.

PLB 420 Plant Ecology: Organisms and Populations. (3)
spring in odd years
Factors and controls on the physiological ecology and organization of plants and plant populations using empirical and theoretical approaches. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Fee. Prerequisite: BIO 320 or PLB 322 (or its equivalent).

PLB 421 Plant Ecology: Communities and Ecosystems. (3)
spring in even years
Plant community organization, field sampling techniques and the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems emphasizing the role of vegetation. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Fee. Prerequisite: BIO 320 or PLB 322 (or its equivalent).

PLB 422 Plant Geography. (3)
not regularly offered
Plant communities of the world and their interpretation, emphasizing North American plant associations. Cross-listed as GPH 422. Credit is allowed for only GPH 422 or PLB 422. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 or only GPH 111.

PLB 430 Statistical Analyses in Environmental Science. (3)
spring
ANOVAS, 1-way classification of factorial and partially hierarchic designs; introductory multivariate statistics. Prerequisite: MAT 210 (or its equivalent).
General Studies: CS

PLB 432 Computer Applications in Biology. (3)
fall
Computer analysis techniques in biology emphasizing data entry, management and analysis, and graphic portrayal. Employs mainframe and microcomputers. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Cross-listed as BIO 406. Credit is allowed for only BIO 406 or PLB 432. Prerequisites: both BIO 182 and MAT 117 (or 210) or only instructor approval.
General Studies: CS

PLB 434 Landscape Ecological Analysis and Modeling. (3)
spring in odd years
Technical methods of landscape ecological analyses. Includes mathematical and statistical examination and modeling of landscape ecological patterns and processes. Prerequisites: both BIO 320 and 406 or only PLB 432 (or its equivalent).

PLB 520 Plant Structural Adaptation. (1–3)
not regularly offered
Adaptive traits of leaf size/unique growth form on energy transfer efficiency; stomatal architecture and water-use efficiency; applications of stable isotopes. Prerequisite: BIO 320 or PLB 306 (or 308 or its equivalent).

PLB 522 Plant Photosynthetic Adaptation. (1–3)
not regularly offered
Evolution and ecology of C4 and CAM; adaptive traits improving competitive ability in natural environments; comparative physiology of desert plants. Prerequisite: PLB 308 or instructor approval.

PLB 524 Methods in Environmental Plant Physiology. (3)
spring in odd years
Techniques to measure and quantify microclimate and mass transfer. Supporting principles. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisite: BIO 320 or PLB 308.

PLB 340 Plant Cell Physiology. (4)
spring in odd years
Surveys structural and biochemical aspects of plant cell function and the relationships of cell function to whole plant processes. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Fee. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 or only BIO 182 (or its equivalent); CHM 101 (or 115 or 231).

PLB 350 Applied Genetics. (4)
spring
Introduction to molecular genetics with emphasis on application of genetics in solving biological questions and engineering organisms in biotechnology. 2 hours lecture, 6 hours lab. Cross-listed as MBB 350. Credit is allowed for only MBB 350 or PLB 350. Prerequisites: preferably both MBB 245 and 246 or only BIO 181 (or its equivalent).

PLB 440 Photobiology. (3)
not regularly offered
Principles underlying the effects of light on growth, development, and behavior of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Cross-listed as BIO 464. Credit is allowed for only BIO 464 or PLB 440. Prerequisites: CHM 231 (or 331); 12 hours in life sciences.

PLB 444 Plant Growth and Development. (3)
spring
Molecular basis of development, role of signal transduction pathways/gene regulation in control of organ formation, pollination, germination, and growth. Prerequisite: BIO 353 (PLB 340 recommended).

PLB 540 Plant Biochemistry. (3)
not regularly offered
Structure/function relationships of molecules, emphasizing processes unique to plants: carbon fixation, synthesis of storage products, pigments, and secondary metabolites. Prerequisites: both BCH 361 and PLB 308 or only instructor approval.

PLB 550 Plant Molecular Biology. (2)
spring in odd years
Biochemistry and molecular biology of plant organelles, including protein targeting, plant viruses, and molecular designs for plant improvements. Prerequisite: instructor approval.

PLB 552 Plant Genetic Engineering. (3)
spring
Plant transformation utilization of transgenetic plants, transient gene expression assays, and applications of plant genetic engineering. Prerequisite: instructor approval.

PLB 553 Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory. (2)
spring
Plant transformation, utilization of transgenetic plants, transient gene expression assays, and applications of plant genetic engineering. 6 hours lab. Prerequisite: instructor approval.

PLB 554 Plant Biotechnology. (3)
not regularly offered
Aseptic, clonal propagation of plants and in vitro culture of cells, organs, and tissues. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisite: PLB 308 or 340 or 370.

PLB 558 Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis. (3)
spring
Structure and function of photosynthetic complexes; mechanism of energy conversion in plants, bacteria, and model systems. Cross-listed as BCH 568. Credit is allowed for only BCH 568 or PLB 558. Prerequisite: instructor approval.

PLB 260 Plants in Cities: Introduction to Urban Horticulture. (4)
spring
Principles and practices of horticulture, emphasizing development, growth, and propagation of horticultural plants and environmental factors that affect these processes. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Fee. Prerequisites: preferably both PLB 200 and 201 (or 108) or only BIO 182.
General Studies: SG

PLB 360 Southwest Home Horticulture. (2)
fall and spring
Multimedia course for nonmajors surveying contemporary topics in Southwest home horticulture, including landscaping, flower and vegetable gardening, citriculture, interiorscaping, and others.

PLB 362 Landscape Plants. (3)
fall
Identification, culture, and use of amenity plants in urban landscapes. Fee. Prerequisite: PLB 260 (or its equivalent).

PLB 363 Golf Course Landscape Plants and Design. (3)
fall and spring
Identification, culture, and use of plants in a golf course setting. Cross-listed as AGB 367. Credit is allowed for only AGB 367 or PLB 363. Fee.

PLB 364 Urban Forestry. (3)
fall
Establishment, care, and maintenance of ornamental trees, shrubs, and vines. Prerequisite: PLB 260 (or its equivalent).

PLB 366 Interiorscape. (3)
fall in even years
Identification, culture, and use of container-grown plants for interior environments. Prerequisite: PLB 260 or instructor approval.

PLB 370 Environmental Landscape Management. (3)
fall
Installation, irrigation, and maintenance of amenity plants in urban landscapes with an emphasis on integrated environmental landscape technologies. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Fee. Prerequisite: PLB 260 (or its equivalent).

PLB 372 Turf Management. (3)
not regularly offered
Selection, establishment, and maintenance of turf grasses for lawn and sports areas. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab. Prerequisite: PLB 260 (or its equivalent).

PLB 472 Greenhouse/Nursery Management. (3)
spring in even years
Greenhouse structures, environment, and nursery operation. Includes irrigation, nutrition, and other principles relative to container-grown species. Fee. Prerequisites: ERS 130 (or 225 or 226); PLB 260.

PLB 498 Pro-Seminar. (1–7)
not regularly offered
Possible topics:

(a)	Urban Horticulture. (1)

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